Global Journal of Engineering and Architecture received 65 citations as per Google Scholar report
Received: 03-Dec-2021 Published: 24-Dec-2021
Investment in urban infrastructure has been emphasised as a significant strategic target of developing countries’ economic growth and social development policies from 2003 or 2004 (although attention to this subject stretches back to the establishment of democracy in 1994). The basic concept is that public infrastructure investment boosts economic growth by triggering and stimulating associated private sector investments, and that it helps to eradicate poverty by laying the groundwork for social development. Although the link between infrastructure and growth has gotten a lot of attention in the international literature, the link to sustainability hasn’t gotten nearly as much. The South African government has established a new mega-fund dubbed the Municipal Infrastructure Grant programme at the national level. having a mandate to arrange about R15 billion in municipal infrastructure investment over a threeyear period beginning in 2004/2005. The physical shape, economic functions, and social implications of the urban environment, as well as the positioning of diverse activities within it, are all considered in town planning. Town planning is a technical profession, a political enterprise involving public engagement, and an academic discipline since it incorporates engineering, architectural, and social and political considerations.Town planning involves goal formulation, data collecting and analysis, forecasting, design, strategic thinking, and public consultation in both the development of open land and the regeneration of existing portions of the city. Geographic information systems technology is increasingly being utilised to map the existing town system and project the effects of modifications. The phrase “sustainable development” came to indicate an ideal end in the total of all planning aims in the late twentieth century. Sustainability, as defined by the United Nations-sponsored World Commission on Environment and Development in Our Common Future (1987), is “development that meets current demands without jeopardising future generations’ ability to satisfy their own needs.” While there is broad agreement on this overarching purpose, most important planning decisions entail trade-offs between subsidiary goals, which usually result in disagreement. The modern origins of town planning can be traced back to a social movement for urban reform that began in the late 1800s in response to the disorder of the industrial metropolis. Many visionaries of the time were looking for ways to make the world a better place. Despite the desire for planning, practical reasons such as proper sanitation, the mobility of products and people, and the supply of facilities drove the desire for it. Social equality, economic prosperity, environmental awareness, and aesthetic appeal are all competing objectives for today’s planners. A formal master plan for an entire city or metropolitan area, a neighbourhood plan, a project plan, or a list of policy choices are all examples of planning processes. Despite efforts to separate planning from politics, successful implementation of a municipal plan usually necessitates entrepreneurship and political astuteness on the side of planners and their supporters. Planning is increasingly involving private-sector engagement in “public-private partnerships,” even if it is based in government.
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