Received: 01-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. GJPHE-22-72290; Editor assigned: 03-Aug-2022, Pre QC No. GJPHE-22-72290 (PQ); Reviewed: 17-Aug-2022, QC No. GJPHE-22-72290; Revised: 24-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. GJPHE-22-72290 (R); Published: 05-Sep-2022, DOI: 10.15651/2465-7557.22.10.220
Epidemiology is characterized as the scientific, structured, and information study of the transmission (frequency pattern) and risk factors (causes, chronic diseases) of health-related republics and activities in various populations (worldwide, neighborhood, school, city, state, and country). In epidemiology, the patient is the community, and individuals are assumption holds. It is also the application of this analysis to the treatment of health difficulties. The method used to identify the causes of health effects and illnesses in populations is known as epidemiology.
Disease cause and effect, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease monitoring, environmental epidemiological studies, forensic epidemiology, occupational epidemiology, monitoring, bio monitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects, such as in clinical trials, are all major areas of epidemiological study. Other scientific disciplines, such as biology, it is used by epidemiologists to better understand disease processes, statistical data to make more effective use of information and form appropriate conclusions, social scientists to better understand factors that relate and proximally creates, and technology to identification of risk factors.
Epidemiology's importance cannot be affected. An epidemiologist helps us in many ways and improves longterm public health. The objectives of epidemiology are to prevent and reverse adverse health outcomes as well as the applications of epidemiology are the most important in communities that are poor or unstable. Epidemiologic studies are classified into two types: experimental and observational. Epidemiological knowledge improves the understanding of disease complexities and provides a solid scientific foundation for healthcare policy.
Methods of Epidemiology
Epidemiologic studies can be informative to organizing data by time, location, and participant, scientific with such a particular instance or cohort analysis incorporated or experimental. Epidemiology uses an organized approach to solving problems by determining the existence of an epidemic and verification its diagnostic test, developing a clinical criteria and published information on case scenarios, analyzing the data by time, location, and user, developing a research hypotheses, conducting additional research as required, developing and implementing prevention and management indicators, trying to prepare and distributing information a public report, and evaluating prevention and detection assessments.
Human communication epidemiological data is a challenging and rewarding research area. Most of the information obtained by epidemiologists comes from responses provided by participants in the study. Informative, scientific, and experimental epidemiologic techniques are the three major types. Although all three can be utilized to investigate prevalence of the disease, descriptive epidemiology is the most commonly used method. If a disease occurs in a population, public health experts help us for establishing at which disorder occurred and who is most likely to be affected.
Applied Field Epidemiology
The process of using epidemiological techniques to protect or enhance the population's health is known as applied epidemiology. Applied electric field epidemiology include the searching into infectious disease and weakens the immune system epidemics, mortality and morbidity rates, nutritional requirements, and other health indicators with the main objective of communicating the research results to individuals who can implement appropriate policies or disease prevention and control assessments.
The following are important terms to understand in the field of Epidemiology:
Prevalence rate: The number of new cases of a disease in a population more than a period of time.
Incidence rate: The number of existing cases of a disease in a population at any given time.
Illness costs: Many experiments use medical care expenditures to determine the cost of disease. In an ideal situation, the cost of disorder also included more difficultto- quantify factors such as work-related costs, higher education costs, the cost of services and support required by the medical condition, and the amount of individual people would expect to be paid to prevent health risks.
Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY): One DALY represents a year of good health lost life and it is used to evaluate the difference between a population's health status and an ideal situation where everyone inside that population would live to old age in good health.
The information obtained can be used to control the human disease distribution and prevent any future epidemics. The term epidemiology is frequently used to describe and discuss epidemic and infectious disease however, genetic disorder in general including related symptoms. High blood pressure, mental illness, and obesity are some of the studies conducted by epidemiology. As a result, this epidemiology is based on how the sequence of disease causes modifications in human function.