P Soumaila*, KNA Faysal, P Lassane, S Modou, TK Ze, SR Dominique, B Domba, OMoussa and IE Shaibu
In Sub-Saharan countries infested with tsetse flies, African animal trypanosomosis is considered the main pathological constraint in bovine farming. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological risk of trypanosomosis in four departments of the Special Economic Zone in Burkina Faso, namely Loumana, Niankorodougou, Ouéléni and Niangoloko. The study combined parasitological and entomological investigations. In the parasitological aspect, 704 animals were sampled, and examination using the Buffy-coat method revealed 49 positive cases, with a prevalence of 6.96%. Analysis between departments showed the highest prevalence in Loumana (11.60%), which was significantly different from the other three departments (p<0.03). Two species of trypanosomes were responsible for the infections, namely Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax, with a predominance of T. congolense (6.68%). In the entomological aspect, surveys captured a total of 135 tsetse flies, with an overall apparent density of 0.79 flies/trap/day, and Glossina palpalis gambiense was the only species encountered. Mechanical vectors were also captured at a low density, with 0.32 flies/trap/day. This study demonstrates that landscape fragmentation is associated with a reduction in the diversity of tsetse fly species but the trypanosomiasis risk remains present, given the high prevalence in animals.
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