Received: 04-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. GJMSSR-22-74190; Editor assigned: 08-Jul-2022, Pre QC No. GJMSSR-22-74190(PQ); Reviewed: 25-Jul-2022, QC No. GJMSSR-22-74190; Revised: 29-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. GJMSSR-22-74190(R); Published: 05-Aug-2022, DOI: 15651/2408-5511.22.7.047
Rapid social change and acculturation pressure can have a negative influence on the cultural identity and wellbeing of indigenous people, especially adolescents, according to research on the consequences of urbanization among indigenous populations. To date, no study has looked at cultural identification and well-being among Mapuche adolescents despite the on-going infiltration of urban Chilean culture into the Mapuche way of life. Participants were recruited via Mapuche Facebook groups. The present study aims to investigate the strength of indigenous cultural identity among a group of young Mapuche people, their perception of the impact of urbanization on Mapuche culture and identity, and finally, whether stronger cultural group identification is associated with better overall psychological well-being. A link requesting people of Mapuche ancestry to participate in an online survey was posted in each group with the administrator's consent. Spanish proficiency and a minimum age of 18 to 25 were prerequisites for participation. In addition to an open-ended question about urbanization and Mapuche culture, the survey instruments employed included the Collective Self- Esteem Scale, Identity and Well-Being Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Agnoletti, 2014). The presentation and discussion of the findings takes place in the context of the socio-historical evolution of Mapuche culture. The paper concludes with a discussion of the difficulties in studying indigenous groups and recommendations for future research.
More and more people started to migrate back out of cities as they grew more crowded, typically more destitute, and frequently more expensive. But because of their employment, these people needed quick access to the cities rather than going back to the rural little villages where they had previously lived before relocating to the city (Alberti, 2005). Suburbs emerged in the 1850s as a result of a significant increase in urban population and better transportation choices. Suburbs are the areas of a city that are close enough to commute to on a daily basis yet far enough away to offer more space than city living permits. Due to development, the idyllic suburban environment of the early 20th century has mostly vanished.
The length of commutes is impacted by traffic congestion caused by suburban sprawl. As new suburbs grew further away from city Centres, commute times and distances have gotten longer (Andersson, 2007). This dynamic simultaneously contributed to an exponential rise in the consumption of natural resources like petroleum, which in turn led to a subsequent rise in pollution in the form of carbon emissions.
The exurbs are areas outside the ring of suburbs that are often populated by even wealthier families that desire more space and have the resources to prolong their trip. As the suburbs grew more crowded and lost their appeal, those who could afford it turned to them.
It's interesting to note that, in contrast to American cities, Canadian cities have always maintained a sizable elite residential presence in neighborhoods close to the city Centres. In recent years, this trend has been bolstered by elite relocation trends into inner cities. Gentrification is a phenomenon that is becoming more prevalent as cities transition from being industrial to becoming postindustrial. Gentrification describes the process through which people from the middle and upper classes move into traditionally less affluent urban areas and renovate existing homes, forcing the area's poor urban underclass to depart as a result of rising prices (Barthel, 2005). The lower class is pushed into ever-more-decaying areas of the city as a result of this pervasive practice.
A metropolis is made up of the urban core, suburbs, exurbs, and metropolitan areas combined. The first megalopolis in North America, defined as a broad metropolitan area spanning many cities and the suburbs surrounding those cities, was New York. Similar megalopolis formations include the Toronto-Hamilton- Oshawa, Vancouver-Abbotsford-Chilliwack, and Calgary- Edmonton corridors. These cities, which constitute a growing feature of the landscape in North America, use enormous amounts of the continent's natural resources (Aronson, 2014).
Because of the diversity and dynamic nature of medicinal flora knowledge, societal forces like urbanization frequently undermine it. Because communities with a higher level of urbanization can act as a catalyst for the development of new knowledge, therapies, and preparation methods, this study demonstrates the intricacy of the situation. However, the utilization of indigenous knowledge systems, native flora, and their transmission processes may all suffer as a result of these advances.