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Global Journal of Engineering and Architecture

Commentary - Global Journal of Engineering and Architecture ( 2021) Volume 2, Issue 4

Architecture and urban planning

Bashira Chiyo*
 
Department of Education, Kanazawa University, Japan
 
*Corresponding Author:
Bashira Chiyo, Department of Education, Kanazawa University, Japan, Email: chiyo123@j.jp

Received: 03-Dec-2021 Published: 24-Dec-2021

Introduction

Urban planners determine what can be built and where it can be built, as well as how outdoor spaces will be used; architects produce the actual design. Urban planners are more concerned with the big picture of community demands and their impact on the surrounding environment, whereas architects are more concerned with the needs of their clients. Most of the research issues and substance of global and local concerns are reflected in Architecture and Urban Planning in the regional context, not only of the Baltic Sea region, but also of other regions in Europe, Asia, North and South America. Researchers and PhD students are the writers of the articles. History of Architecture and Urbanism, Cultural Heritage Preservation and Development, Theories and Criticism of Architecture and Urbanism, Local and Global Tendencies in Architecture and Urban Planning, Sustainable Architecture and Urban Environment, and Landscape Architecture are among the topics covered in the journal. The modern origins of urban planning can be traced back to a social movement for urban reform that began in the late 1800s in response to the disorder of the industrial city. Many dreamers of the time desired an ideal city, but practical factors such as proper sanitation, transportation of goods and people, and the supply of amenities also fueled the desire for planning. Social equality, economic prosperity, environmental awareness, and aesthetic appeal are all competing objectives for today’s planners. A formal master plan for an entire city or metropolitan area, a neighbourhood plan, a project plan, or a set of policy alternatives may be the outcome of the planning process. The successful implementation of a plan usually necessitates a combination of entrepreneurship and political acumen on the part of the implementer.

In the early 1900s, urban planning became an academic field. The first academic planning programme was created in 1909 at the University of Liverpool, while the first North American programme was established in 1924 at Harvard University. It is primarily taught at the postgraduate level, and the curriculum differs significantly amongst universities. Some schools maintain a traditional focus on physical design and land use, while others, particularly those that award doctoral degrees, are more social science-oriented. Because the discipline’s theoretical basis is relatively amorphous, the issues it addresses define it more than any dominant paradigm or prescriptive approach. The acknowledgment of a public interest and how it should be evaluated, as well as the physical and social environment, are all representative problems. During the Middle Ages, there was little city-building in Europe for several centuries. Towns eventually developed into centres of ecclesiastical or feudal power, marketing, and trade. The constriction produced by walls and fortifications as the urban population developed resulted in overpopulation, the blocking out of air and light, and poor sanitation. Certain areas of the cities were confined to particular nations, classes, or trades, either by custom or by decree, as is also the case in many developing-world towns today. The physical form of mediaeval and Renaissance towns and cities followed the village pattern, growing along a street or a crossroads in circular or irregular patterns, but some of the younger towns tended to have rectangular patterns.

Acknowledgment

None.

Conflict of Interest

None.